Substrate-dependent evolution of cytochrome P450: rapid turnover of the detoxification-type and conservation of the biosynthesis-type.

Substrate-dependent evolution of cytochrome P450: rapid turnover of the detoxification-type and conservation of the biosynthesis-type.

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Members of the cytochrome P450 family are important metabolic enzymes that are present in all metazoans.Genes encoding cytochrome P450s form a multi-gene family, and the number of genes varies widely among species.The enzymes are classified as either biosynthesis- or detoxification-type, depending on their substrates, but their origin and evolution have not been fully understood.

In order to elucidate the birth and death process of cytochrome P450 genes, we performed a phylogenetic Economic performance evaluation of natural gas vehicles and their fuel infrastructures analysis of 710 sequences from 14 vertebrate genomes and 543 sequences from 6 invertebrate genomes.Our results showed that vertebrate detoxification-type genes have independently emerged three times from biosynthesis-type genes and that invertebrate detoxification-type genes differ from vertebrates in their origins.Biosynthetic-type genes exhibit more conserved evolutionary processes than do detoxification-type genes, with regard to the rate of gene duplication, pseudogenization, and amino acid substitution.

The differences in the evolutionary mode between biosynthesis- and detoxification-type genes may reflect differences in their respective substrates.The phylogenetic tree also revealed 11 clans comprising an upper category to families in MALAT1 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colon cancer cells and affects cell proliferation and apoptosis the cytochrome P450 nomenclature.Here, we report novel clan-specific amino acids that may be used for the qualitative definition of clans.